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| STV0119A pal/ntsc high performance digital encoder june 1998 so28 (plastic micropackage) order code : STV0119A . ntsc-m, pal-b, d, g, h, i, n, m, plus ntsc-4.43 encoding (optional pedes- tal in all standards) . small and economical so28 package . line skip/insert capability suppres- sing the need for an external vcxo, thus reducing application cost . 4 simultaneous analog outputs : rgb + cvbs, or s-vhs (y/c) + cvbs1 + cvbs2 . macrovision ? rev7.01/rev6.1 copy protection process in both ntsc and pal . 54mhz input multiplex interface for double encoding applications (to be able to encode or not the osd content of the video input stream) . cross-color reduction by specific trap filtering on luma within cvbs flow . closed captioning, cgms encoding and teletext encoding note : this device is protected by us patent numbers 4631603, 4577216 and 4819098 and other intellectual property rights. the use of macrovision tm 's copy protection technology in the device must be authorized by macrovision tm and is intended for home and other limited pay-per-view uses only, unless otherwise authorized in writing by macrovision tm . reverse engineering or disassembly is prohibited. please contact your nearest stmicroelectronics sales office for more information. . itu-r/ccir601 encoding with easily programmable color sub-carrier frequencies . digital frame sync input/output (oddeven/vsync), programmable po- larity and relative position . digital horizontal sync input/ouput (hsync), programmable polarity and relative position . digital line or frame sync extrac- tion from itu-r/ccir656 / d1 data . master operation mode, plus 6 slave modes . interlaced/non-interlaced opera- tion modes . full or partial vertical blanking . luma filtering with 2x oversampling & siny/y correction . chrominance filtering with 4x over- sampling to either 1.1mhz, 1.3mhz, 1.6mhz or 1.9mhz . wide chrominance bandwidth for rgb encoding (2.45mhz) . 24-bit direct digital frequency syn- thesizerfor color subcarrier . programmable reset of color sub- carrier phase (4 modes) . easy control via fast i 2 c bus . two i 2 c addresses . autotest operation mode (on-chip color bar pattern 100/0/75/0) . cmos technology with 3.3v power supply . applications : satellite, cable & ter- restrial digital tv decoders, multime- diaterminals, dvd players 1/42 ( datasheet : )
contents page i general description ............................................... 3 ii pin information .................................................... 3 ii.1 pin connections. . . . ................................................ 3 ii.2 pin description. .................................................... 4 iii block diagram ..................................................... 5 iv functional description ............................................ 6 iv.1 data input format. ................................................. 6 iv.2 video timing . ....................................................... 6 iv.3 reset procedure . ................................................. 10 iv.4 master mode . . . . ................................................... 11 iv.5 slave modes . . . . ................................................... 12 iv.5.1 synchronization onto a line sync signal . . . . . . . ............................. 12 iv.5.2 synchronization onto a frame sync signal . . . . . . . . . ......................... 13 iv.5.3 synchronization onto data-embedded sync words . . . . . . . . . ................... 14 iv.6 input demultiplexer . .............................................. 15 iv.7 sub-carrier generation. ........................................... 15 iv.8 burst insertion . . . . ................................................ 16 iv.9 luminance encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................... 16 iv.10 chrominance encoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...................... 17 iv.11 composite video signal generation . . . . . . .......................... 17 iv.12 rgb encoding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... 18 iv.13 closed captioning . . . . ............................................. 18 iv.14 cgms encoding . .................................................... 19 iv.15 teletext encoding . . . . ............................................. 19 iv.15.1 signals exchanged . .................................................... 19 iv.15.2 transmission protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. 19 iv.15.3 programming. . . . ...................................................... 20 iv.15.4 teletext pulse shape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................. 20 iv.16 i 2 cbus............................................................ .. 21 iv.17 dual encoding application with 54mbit/s ycrcb interface . . . . . . . . . . 22 iv.18 line skip / line insert capability . . . . . . . ............................. 24 iv.19 macrovision tm copy protection process rev7.01/6.1 . . . . . . . . . ....... 24 iv.20 cvbs, s-vhs and rgb analog outputs . . . . . . . . . ...................... 24 v characteristics ................................................... 25 v.1 absolute maximum ratings . ........................................ 25 v.2 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................... 25 v.3 dc electrical characteristics. . . . ................................. 25 v.4 ac electrical chararcteristics. . . . . . . ............................. 26 vi registers .......................................................... 27 vi.1 register mapping . ................................................. 27 vi.2 register contents and description. . . . . . .......................... 28 vii application ........................................................ 41 viii package mechanical data ......................................... 42 STV0119A 2/42 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 vsync/oddeven sda scl reset ckref ttxd ttxs/csi2c v dd g/y r/c b/cvbs vr_rgb i ref(rgb) v dda hsync ycrcb7 ycrcb6 ycrcb5 ycrcb4 ycrcb3 ycrcb2 ycrcb1 ycrcb0 v ss cvbs vr_cvbs i ref(cvbs) v ssa 0119a-01.eps i - general description the STV0119A is a high performance pal/ntsc digital encoder in a low cost package. it converts a 4:2:2 digital video stream into a standard analog baseband pal/ntsc signal and into rgb analog components. the STV0119A can handle interlaced mode (with 525/625 line standards) and non-interlaced mode. it can perform closed-captions, cgms or teletext encoding and allows macrovision ? 7.01/6.1 copy protection. four analog output pins are available, on which it is possible to output either s-vhs(y/c) + cvbs1 + cvbs2 or rgb + cvbs. moreover, it is possible to use two STV0119A in parallel to interface with st's mpeg decoder ics that are able to deliver a 54mbit/s odoubleo ycrcb stream (e.g. the sti3520m). this allows for example to encode osd in one of the streams only. ii - pin information ii.1 - pin connections revision history october 1996 : advance data february 1997 : preliminary data main modifications : - to get direct connection to scart in y/c mode, r and g signals have been moved as g/y on pin 20 and r/c on pin 19. - rgb levels have been rescaled for compatibility between cvbs/y-c and rgb levels with only one value of i ref(r gb) . - revision id is now 02 hexa (register 18 dec). may 1997 : - update of characteristics (dc and ac electrical characteristics). - revision id unchanged. november 1997 : - improvement of luminance filtering in case of osd input data. - revision id is now 03 hexa (register 18 dec). - new sale type : STV0119A. june 1998 : - adjonctions of missing information on ac characteristics for teletext signals. STV0119A 3/42 ii.2 - pin description pin name type function 1 hsync i/o line synchronization signal : - input in oddeven+hsync or vsync + hsync or vsync slave modes - output in all other modes (master/slave) - synchronous to rising edge of ckref - default polarity : negative pulse 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ycrcb7 ycrcb6 ycrcb5 ycrcb4 ycrcb3 ycrcb2 ycrcb1 ycrcb0 i/o i/o i/o i/o i/o i/o i/o i/o input : time multiplexed 4:2:2 luminance and chrominance data as defined in itu-r rec601-2 and rec656 (except for ttl input levels). this bus interfaces with mpeg video decoder output port and typically carries a stream of cb,y,cr,y digital video at ckref frequency, clocked on the rising edge (by default) of ckref. a 54-mbit/s `double' cb, y, cr, y input multiplex is supported for double encoding application (rising and falling edge of ckref are operating). output: for test purpose only. 10 v ss supply digital ground 11 cvbs output analog composite video output (current-driven). cvbs must be connected to analog ground over a load resistor (r load ). following the load resistor, a simple analog low pass filter is recommended cvbs amplitude is proportional to i ref(cvbs) (v out(n) =nxr load xi ref(cvbs) /96) with n = [0- 511] v out(max.) =1v pp and i out(max.) = 5ma 12 vr_cvbs i/o internal reference voltage for the 9-bit dac cvbs. vr_cvbs must be connected to analog ground over a capacitor (6.8nf typ.), vr_cvbs = 1.9v 13 i ref(cvbs) i/o reference current source for the 9-bit dac cvbs. -i ref(cvbs) must be biased to analog ground over a reference resistor r ref(cvbs) -r ref(cvbs)(min.) = 5.95 x r load /v out(max.) with v out(max.) =1v pp and i out(max.) = 5ma (i ref(cvbs) =v ref(cvbs) /r ref(cvbs) ), v ref(cvbs) (typ.) = 1.12v. 14 v ssa supply analog ground for dacs 15 v dda supply analog positive power supply for dacs (+3.3v nom.) 16 i ref(rgb) i/o reference current source for tri-dac r/y,g/c,b/cvbs. -i ref(rgb) must be connected to analog ground over a reference resistor r ref(rgb) -r ref(rgb)(min.) = 5.95 x r load /v out(max.) , with v out(max.) =1v pp and i out(max.) = 5ma (i ref(rgb) =v ref(rgb) /r ref(rgb) ), v ref(rgb) (typ.) = 1.12v. 17 vr_rgb i/o internal reference voltage for the 9bit tri-dac r/y,g/c,b/cvbs. vr_rgb must be biased to analog ground over a typical 6.8nf capacitor, vr_rgb = 1.9v. 18 b/cvbs o analog `blue' or cvbs output (current-driven). this output must be connected to analog ground over a load resistor (r load ). following the load resistor, a simple analog low pass filter is recommended. v out(max.) =1v pp and i out(max.) = 5ma (v out(n) =nxr load xi ref(rgb) /96) with n = [0-511]. 19 r/c o analog `red' or s-vhs chrominance output (current-driven). this output must be connected to analog ground over a load resistor (r load ). following the load resistor, a simple analog low pass filter is recommended. v out(max.) =1v pp and i out(max.) = 5ma (v out(n) =nxr load xi ref(rgb) /96) with n = [0-511]. 20 g/y o analog `green' or s-vhs luminance output (current-driven). this output must be connected to analog ground over a load resistor (r load ). following the load resistor, a simple analog low pass filter is recommended. v out(max.) =1v pp and i out(max.) = 5ma (v out(n) =nxr load xi ref(rgb) /96) with n = [0-511]. 21 v dd supply digital positive supply voltage (+3.3v nom.) 22 ttxs/csi2c i/o output : positive sync pulse for control of teletext buffer in external demultiplexer or transport ic. 23 ttxd i/o teletext data stream from external demultiplexer or transport ic synchronous to rising edge of ckref signal average rate of 6.9375mbit/s. output in test mode only. ii - pin information (continued) STV0119A 4/42 ii - pin information (continued) pin name type function 24 ckref i master clock reference signal. its rising edge is the default reference for set-up and hold times of all inputs, and for propagation delay of all outputs (except for sda output). ckref nominal frequency is 27mhz (ccir601) : input pad with pull down (50k w typ.) 25 reset i hardware reset, active low. it has priority over software reset. nreset imposes default states (see register contents). minimum low level required duration is 5 ckref periods : input pad with pull down (50k w typ.) 26 scl i i 2 c bus clock line (internal 5-bit majority logic with ckref for reference) : input pad with pull down (50k w typ.) 27 sda i/o i 2 c bus serial data line. input : internal 5-bit majority logic with ckref for reference output : open drain 28 vsync/ oddeven i/o frame sync signal : - input in slave modes, except when sync is extracted from ycrcb data - output in master mode and when sync is extracted from ycrcb data - synchronous to rising edge of ckref - oddeven default polarity : odd (not-top) field : low level even (bottom) field : high level ii.2 - pin description (continued) iii - block diagram v ssa v dda 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 16 17 18 19 20 26 27 28 11 12 13 14 15 22 23 ctrl + cfg register luma processing macrovision 7.0.1 / 6.1 closed captions cgms chroma processor trap 9-bit tridac switch demultiplexer rgb encoding cb-cr y sync control & video timing generator ycrcb7 i ref(cvbs) vr_cvbs cvbs i ref(rgb) vr_rgb b/cvbs v ssa v dda g/y r/c ttxd 9-bit dac teletext ycrcb6 ycrcb5 ycrcb4 ycrcb3 ycrcb2 ycrcb1 ycrcb0 21 v dd 10 v ss csi2c ttxs STV0119A sda scl i 2 c bus csi2c vsync/oddeven hsync 25 reset 24 ckref ttxs/ csi2c v ssa v dda autotest color bar pattern 0119a -02.eps STV0119A 5/42 iv - functional description the STV0119Acan operate either in master mode, where it supplies all sync signals, or in 6 slave modes, where it locks onto incoming sync signals. the main functions are controlled by a micro-con- troller via an i 2 c 2-wire bus. refer to the ouser's register descriptiono for an exhaustive list of the control possibilities available. iv.1 - data input format the digital input is a time-multiplexed itu-r656 /d1-type [cb, y, cr, y] 8-bit stream. note that oitu-ro was formerly known as occiro. input sam - ples are latched in on the rising edge (by default) of the clock signal ckref, whose nominal fre- quency is 27mhz. figure 1 illustrates the expected data input format. alternatively, a 54-mbit/s stream can be fed to the STV0119A,refer to section iv.17 (odual encodingo) for details. the STV0119A is able to encode interlaced and non-interlaced video. one bit is sufficient to auto- matically direct the STV0119A to process non-in- terlaced video. update is performed internally on the first frame sync active edge following the pro- graming of this bit. the non-interlaced mode is a 624/2 = 312 line mode or a 524/2 = 262 line mode, where all fields are identical. an `autotest' mode is available by setting 3 bits (sync[2:0]) within the configurations register0. in this mode, a color bar pattern is produced, inde- pendentlyfrom video input, in the adequate stand- ard. as this mode sets the STV0119A in master mode, vsync/oddeven and hsync pins are then in output mode. iv.2 - video timing the STV0119A outputs interlaced or non-inter- laced video in pal-b, d, g, h, i, pal-n, pal-m or ntsc-m standards and `ntsc- 4.43' is also pos- sible. the 4-frame (for pal) or 2 frame (for ntsc) burst sequences are internally generated, subcarrier generation being performed numerically with ckref as reference. rise and fall times of syn- chronizationtips and burst enveloppe are internally controlled according to the relevant itu-r and smpte recommendations. figures 2 to 7 depict typical vbi waveforms. it is possible to allow encoding of incoming ycrcb data on those lines of the vbi that do not bear line sync pulses or pre/post-equalisation pulses (see figures 2 to 7). this mode of operation is refered to as opartial blankingo and is the default set-up. it allows to keep in the encoded waveform any vbi data present in digitized form in the incoming ycrcb stream (e.g. wss data, vps, supplemen- tary closed-captions line or starsight data, etc.). alternatively,the complete vbi may be blanked(no incoming ycrcb data encoded on these lines, ofull blankingo). the complete vbi comprises of the following lines : - for 525/60 systems (smpte line numbering con- vention) : lines 1 to 19 and second half of line 263 to line 282. - for 625/50 systems (ccir line numbering con- vention) : second half of line 623 to line 22 and lines 311 to 335. the `partial' vbi consists of : - for 525/60 systems (smpte line numbering con- vention) : lines 1 to 9 and second half of line 263 to line 272. - for 625/50 systems (ccir line numbering con- vention) : secondhalf of line 623 to line 5 and lines 311 to 318. full or partialblanking is controlled by configuration bit `blkli in configuration register1'. note that : - line 282 in 525/60/smptesystems is either fully blanked or fully active. - line 23 in 625/60/ccir systems is always fully active. in an itu-r656-compliant digitaltv line, the active portion of the digital line is the portion included between the sav (start of active video) and eav (end of active video) words. however, this digital active line starts somewhat earlier and may end slightly later than the active line usually defined by analog standards. the STV0119A allows two ap- proaches : - it is possible to encode the full digital line (720 pixels / 1440clock cycles). in this case, the output waveform will reflect the full ycrcb stream in- cluded between sav and eav. - alternatively, it is possible to drop some ycrcb samples at the extremities of the digital line so that the encoded analog line fits within the `ana- log' itu-r/smpte specifications. selection between these two modes of operation is performed with bit `aline' in configuration regis- ter 4. in all cases, the transitions between horizontal blanking and active video are shaped to avoid too steep edges within the active video. figure 8 gives timings concerning the horizontal blanking interval and the active video interval. STV0119A 6/42 a 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 317 336 308 309 310 ab 62462512345678 621 622 623 iii i ii iii iv ii c 0 v : i, ii, iii, iv : a: b: c: frame synchronization reference 1 st and 5 th ,2 nd and 6 th ,3 rd and 7 th ,4 th and 8 th fields burst phase : nominal value +135 burst phase : nominal value -135 burst suppression internal 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 ab 0 v iv a 624 625 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 23 621 622 623 i partial vbi1 full vbi1 partial vbi2 full vbi2 22 335 0119a-09.eps figure 2 : pal-bdghi, pal-n typical vbi waveform, interlaced mode (ccir-625 line numbering) e a v s a v e a v 4t 4t 276t digital standing interval 1716t line duration 1440t digital active line ntsc, pal m (525 line / 60hz) 288t 1728t 1440t pal b, d, g, h, i, n (625 line / 50hz) 0119a-08.eps figure 1 : input data format ab 31131212345678 308 309 310 0 v burst phase toggles every line partial vbi full vbi 22 0119a-10.eps figure 3 : pal-bdghi, pal-n typical vbi waveform, non-interlaced mode (accir-likeo line numbering) iv - functional description (continued) STV0119A 7/42 1 full vbi1 23 partial vbi1 45678910 1819 h 0.5h h h 282 273 272 271 270 269 268 267 266 265 264 263 262 h h 0.5h full vbi2 vbi3 12345678910 1819 525 282 273 272 271 270 269 268 267 266 265 264 263 vbi4 partial vbi2 0119a-11.eps figure 4 : ntsc-m typical vbi waveforms, interlaced mode (smpte-525 line numbering) 1 full vbi 23 3h 456 3h 789 3h 10 18 19 h 0.5h h h 262 h partial vbi 0119a -12.ep s figure 5 : ntsc-m typical vbi waveforms, non-interlaced mode (asmpte-likeo line numbering) iv - functional description (continued) STV0119A 8/42 256257258259260261262123456789 ab 0 v burst phase toggles every line partial vbi full vbi 10 16 17 0119a-14.eps figure 7 : pal-m typical vbi waveforms, non-interlaced mode (accir-likeo line numbering) f' 519 f 520 f' 521 f 522 523 524 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ab ab ab 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 280 523 524 525 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 f 519 f' 520 f 521 522 f 257 f' 258 f 259 260 ab 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 f' 257 f 258 259 260 0 v iv i ii iii iv iii ii i c 0 v : i, ii, iii, iv : a: b: c: frame synchronizationreference 1 st and 5 th ,2 nd and 6 th ,3 rd and 7 th ,4 th and 8 th fields burst phase : nominalvalue +135 burst phase : nominalvalue -135 burst suppressioninternal partial vbi1 full vbi1 16 17 partial vbi2 full vbi2 279 0119a -13.ep s figure 6 : pal-m typical vbi waveforms, interlaced mode (ccir-525 line numbering) iv - functional description (continued) STV0119A 9/42 a 0 h d b c1 (bit oalineo = 0) c2 (bit oalineo = 1) full digital line encoding (720 pixels - 1440t) oanalogo line encoding (710 pixels - 1420t) a ntsc-m 5.38 m s (even lines) 5.52 m s (odd lines) pal-bdghi 5.54 m s (a-type) 5.66 m s (b-type) pal-n 5.54 m s (a-type) 5.66 m s (b-type) pal-m 5.73 m s (a-type) 5.87 m s (b-type) these are typical values. actual values will depend on the static offset programmed for subcarrier generation. b 1.56 m s c1 c2 8.8 m s 9.3 m s d 9 cycles of 3.58mhz 1.28 m s 9.3 m s 10.1 m s 10 cycles of 4.43mhz 1.28 m s 9.3 m s 10.1 m s 9 cycles of 3.58mhz 1.28 m s 9.3 m s 10.1 m s 9 cycles of 3.58mhz 0119a-15.eps figure 8 : horizontal blanking interval and active video timings iv - functional description (continued) iv.3 - reset procedure ahardware reset is performedby groundingthe pin reset. the master clock must be running and pin reset kept low for a minimum of 5 clock cycles. this sets the STV0119A in hsync+oddeven (line-locked) slave mode, for ntsc-m, interlaced itu-r601 encoding with macrovision tm copy pro- tection revision 7.01 operating. closed-captioning and teletext encoding are all disabled. then the configuration can be customized by wri- ting into the appropriate registers. a few registers are never reset, their contents is unknown until the first loading (refer to the register contents and description). it is also possible to perform a software reset by setting bit'softreset' in reg 6. the ic's response in that case is similar to its response after a hardware reset, except that configuration registers (reg 0 to 6) and a few other registers (see descrip- tion of bit `softreset') are not altered . STV0119A 10/42 active edge (programmable polarity) active edge (programmable polarity) active edge (programmable polarity) 128 t ckref = 4.74 m s oddeven (see note 1) vsync hsync (see note 2) line numbers : smpte-525 ccir-625 4 1 5 2 6 3 266 313 267 314 268 315 269 316 notes : 1. when oddeven is a sync input, only one edge (athe active edgeo) of the incoming oddeven is taken into account for synchronization. the anon-activeo edge (2nd edge on this drawing) is not critical and its position may differ by h/2 from the location shown. 2. the hsync pulse width indicated is valid when the STV0119A supplies hsync. in those slave modes wher e it receives hsync, only the edge defined as active is relevant, and the width of the hsync pulse it receives is not critical. 0119a-16.eps figure 9 : oddeven, vsync and hsync waveforms hsync (out) oddeven (out) ckref ycrcb cb y cr y' active edge (programmable polarity) active edge (programmable polarity) 1t ckref duration of hsync pulse : 128 t ckref cr y' 0119a-17.eps note : 1. this figure is valid for bits asyncout_ad[1:0]o = default. figure 10 : master mode sync signals iv - functional description (continued) iv.4 - master mode in this mode, the STV0119A supplies hsync and oddeven sync signals (with independently pro- grammable polarities) to drive other blocks. refer to figure 9 and 10 for timings and waveforms. the STV0119Astarts encoding and counting clock cycles as soon as the master mode has been loaded into the control register (reg.0). configuration bits osyncout_ad[1:0]o (reg4) allow to shift the relative position of the sync signals by up to 3 clock cycles to cope with any ycrcb phasing. STV0119A 11/42 hsync (in) oddeven (in) ckref ycrcb cb y cr y' cb active edge (programmable polarity) active edge (programmable polarity) 0119a-18.eps note : 1. this figure is valid for bits asyncin_ad[1:0]o = default. figure 11 : hsync + oddeven based slave mode sync signals iv - functional description (continued) iv.5 - slave modes six slave modesareavailable : oddeven+hsync based (line-based sync), vsync+hsync based (another type of line-based sync), oddeven-only based(frame-based sync), vsync-onlybased(an- other type of frame-based sync), or sync-in-data based (line locked or frame locked). oddeven refers to an odd/even (also known as not-top/bottom) field flag, hsync is a line sync signal, vsyncis a vertical sync signal. their wave- forms are depicted in figure 9. the polarities of hsync and vsync/oddeven are inde- pendently programmable in all slave modes. iv.5.1- synchronization onto a line sync signal iv.5.1.1 - hsync+oddeven based synchronization synchronization is performed on a line-by-line ba- sis by locking onto incoming oddeven and hsync signals. refer to figure 11 for waveforms and timings. the polarities of the active edges of hsync and oddeven are programmable and independent. the first active edge of oddeven initializes the internal line counter but encoding of the first line does not start until an hsync active edge is de- tected (at the earliest, hsync may transition at the sametime as oddeenv).at that point,the internal sample counter is initialized and encoding of the first line starts. then, encoding of each subsequent line is individually triggered by hsync active edges. the phase relationship between hsync and the incoming ycrcb data is normally such that the first clock rising edge following the hsync active edge samples ocbo (i.e. a `blue' chroma sample within the ycrcb stream). it is however possible to internally delay the incoming sync sig- nals (hsync+oddeven) by up to 3 clock cycles to cope with different data/sync phasings, using configuration bits osyncin_ado (reg. 4). the STV0119A is thus fully slaved to the hsync signal, which means that lines may contain more or less samples than typical 525/625 system re- quirement. if the digital line is shorter than its nominal value: the sample counter is re-initialized when the `early' hsync arrives and all internal synchronization signals are re-initialized. if the digital line is longer than its nominal value : the sample counter is stopped when it reaches its nominal end-of-line value and waits for the `late' hsync before reinitializing. thefield counteris incrementedon eachoddeven transition. the line counter is reset on the hsync following each active edge of oddeven. iv.5.1.2- hsync+vsync based synchronization synchronization is performed on a line-by-line ba- sis by locking onto incoming vsync and hsync signals. refer to figure 12 for waveforms and timings. the polarities of hsync and vsync are programmable and independent. the incoming vsync signal is immediately trans- formed into a waveform identical to the odd/even waveform of an oddeven signal, therefore the behavior of the core is identical to that described above for oddeven+hsync based synchroniza- tion. again, the phase relationship between hsync and the incoming ycrcb data is normally such that the first clock rising edge following the hsync active edge samples ocbo (i.e. a `blue' chroma sample within the ycrcb stream). it is however possible to internally delay the incoming sync signals (hsync+vsync) by up to 3 clock cycles to cope with different data/sync phasings, using configuration bits osyncin_ado (reg. 4). the field counter is incremented on each active edge of vsync. STV0119A 12/42 hsync (in) vsync (in) ckref ycrcb cb y cr y' cb active edge (programmable polarity) active edge (programmable polarity) 0119a-19.eps notes : 1. this figure is valid for bits asyncin_ad[1:0]o = default. 2. the active edges of hsync and vsync should normally be simultaneous. it is permissible that hsync transitions before vsync, but vsync must not transition before hsync. figure 12 : hsync + vsync based slave mode sync signals oddeven (in) ckref ycrcb cb y cr y' cb active edge (programmable polarity) 0119a-20.eps note : 1. this figure is valid for bits asyncin_ad[1:0]o = default. figure 13 : oddeven based slave mode sync signals iv - functional description (continued) iv.5.2 - synchronization onto a frame sync signal iv.5.2.1- oddeven-only based synchronization synchronizationis performed on a frame-by-frame basis by locking onto an incoming oddeven sig- nal. a line sync signal is derived internally and is also output as hsync. refer to figure 13 for waveforms and timings. the phase relationship between oddeven and the incomingycrcb data is normally such that the first clock rising edge following the oddeven active edge samples ocbo (i.e. a `blue' chroma sample within the ycrcb stream). it is however possible to internally delay the incoming oddeven signal by up to 3 clock cycles to cope with different data/sync phasings, using configuration bits osyncin_ado (reg. 4). the first active edge of oddeven triggersgenera- tion of the analog sync signals and encoding of the incomingvideo data. frames being supposed to be of constant duration, the next oddeven active transitionis expected at a precise time after the last oddeven detected. so, once an active oddeven edge has been detected, checks that the following oddeven are present at the expected instants are performed. encoding and analog sync generation carry on un- less three successive fails of these checks occur. in that case, three behaviors are possible, accord- ing to the configuration programmed (reg. 1-2) : - if `free-run' is enabled, the STV0119A carries on outputting the digital line sync hsync and gene- rating analog video just as though the expected oddeven edge had been present. however, it will re-synchronizeontothe next oddevenactive edge detected, whatever its location. - if `free-run' is disabled but bit `sync_ok' is set in configuration register1, the STV0119A sets the active portion of the tv line to black level but carries on outputting the analog sync tips (on ys and cvbs) and the digital line sync signal hsync. (when programmed, macrovision tm pseudo-sync pulses and agc pulses are also present in the analog sync waveform). - if `free-run' is disabled and the bit `sync_ok' is not set, all analog video is at black level and neither analog sync tips nor digital line sync are output. note that this mode is a frame-based sync mode, as opposedtoa field-basedsync mode, that is, only one type of edge (rising or falling, according to bit `polv'in reg 0) is of interest to the STV0119A, the other one is ignored. STV0119A 13/42 hsync (out) oddeven (out) ckref ycrcb 00 b6 cb y 46t ckref hsync duration : 128t ckref ff 00 eav 1t ckref 0119a-21.eps figure 14 : data (eav) based slave mode sync signals iv - functional description (continued) iv.5.2.2 - vsync only based synchronization synchronization is performed on a frame-by-frame basis by locking onto an incoming vsync signal. an auxiliary line sync signal hsync must also be fed to the STV0119A, which uses it to reconstruct from vsync and hsync information an internal odd/even waveform identical to that of an odd- even signal. therefore the behavior of the core is identicalto that describedabove for oddevenonly basedsynchronization(exceptthat nothingis output on hsync pin since it is an input port in that mode). note that hsync is an input but has no other use than allowing the STV0119Ato decide whether an incoming vsync pulse flags an odd or an even field. in other words, the STV0119A does not lock onto hsync in this mode since this is not a line-locked mode. the phase relationship between vsync and the incoming ycrcb data is normally such that the first clock rising edge following the vsync active edge samples ocbo (i.e. a `blue' chroma sample within the ycrcb stream). it is however possible to inter- nally delay the incoming sync signals (vsync+hsync) by up to 3 clock cycles to cope with different data/sync phasings, using configura- tion bits osyncin_ado (reg. 4). iv.5.3 - synchronization onto data-embedded sync words iv.5.3.1 - `end-of-frame' word based synchronization synchronization is performed by extracting the 1- to-0 transitions of the `f' flag (end-of-frame) from the `eav' (end-of-active video) sequence embed- ded within itu-r656 / d1 compliant digital video streams. both a frame sync signal and a line sync signal are derived and are made available exter- nally as oddeven and hsync (see figure 14). the first successful detection of the `f' flag triggers generationof theanalog sync signals and encoding of the incoming video data. frames being sup- posed to be of constant duration, the next eav word containing the `f' flag is expected at a precise time after the latest detection. so, once an active `f' flag has been detected, checks that the following flags are present within the incoming video stream at the expected times are performed. encoding and analog sync generation carry on un- less three successive fails of these checks occur. in that case, three behaviors are possible, accor- ding to the configuration programmed : - if `free-run' is enabled, the STV0119A carries on generating the digital frame and line syncs (odd- even and hsync) and generating analog video just as though the expected `f' flag had been present. however, it will re-synchronize onto the next `f' flag detected within the incoming ccir656/d1 video stream. - if `free-run' is disabled but the bit `sync_ok' is set in the configuration registers, the STV0119A sets the active portion of the tv line to black level but carries on outputtingthe analogsynctips (on ys andcvbs) andthedigitalframeandline syncsignalsoddeven and hsync. (when programmed, macrovision ? pseudo-sync pulses and agc pulses are also pre- sent in the analog sync waveform). - if `free-run'is disabled and the bit `sync_ok'is notset, all analog video is at black level and neither analog sync tips nor digital frame/line sync are output. the sav and eav words are hamming-decoded. after detection of two successive errors, a bit is set in the status register to inform the micro-controller of the poor transmission quality. iv.5.3.2 - `end-of-line' word based synchronization synchronization is performed by extracting the `f' and `h' flags from the `sav' (start of active video) and `eav' (end of active video) words embedded within itu-r656/d1 compliantdigitalvideo streams. aline sync signaland a framesync signalare derived internally from these flags and are output on the hsync and oddeven/vsync pins in output mode. these signals are also exploited by the core of the circuit which treats them like it treats incoming oddeven and hsync signals in hsync+odde- ven based synchronization (see section iv.5.1.1). STV0119A 14/42 iv - functional description (continued) iv.6 - input demultiplexer the incoming 27mbit/s ycrcb data is demulti- plexed into a `blue-difference' chroma information stream, a `red-difference' chroma information stream and a luma information stream. incoming data bits are treated as blue, red or luma samples according to their relative position with respect to the sync signals in use and to the content of con- figuration bits osyncin_ado (slave modes) or osyn- cout_ado (master mode). the itu-r601 recommendation defines the black luma level as y = 16dec and the maximum white luma level as y = 235dec. similarly it defines 225 quantization levels for the color difference compo- nents (cr, cb), centered around 128. accordingly, incoming ycrcb samples can be saturated in the input multiplexer with the following rules : - for cr or cb samples : cr, cb > 240 ? cr, cb saturated at 240 cr,cb < 16 ? cr, cb saturated at 16 - for y samples : y > 235 ? y saturated at 235 y<16 ? y saturated at 16 this avoids having to heavily saturate the com- posite video codes before digital-to-analog con- version in case erroneous or unrealistic ycrcb samples are input to the encoder (there may otherwise be overflow errors in the codes driving the dacs), and therefore avoids genera-ting a distorded output waveform. however, in some applications, it may be desirable to let `extreme' ycrcb codes pass through the demultiplexer. this is also possible, provided that bit omaxdyno is set in configuation register 6. in this case, only codes 00hex and ffhex are overridden: if such codes are found in the active video samples, they are forced to 01hex and fe- hex. in any case, the ycrcb codes are not overridden for eav/sav decoding the demultiplexer is also able to handle 54mbit/s ycrcb streams for dual encoding applications. re- fer to section iv.17, odual encoding application - 54mbit/s ycrcb interfaceo. iv.7 - sub-carrier generation a direct digital frequency synthesizer (ddfs) using a 24-bit phase accumulator, generates the required color sub-carrier frequency.this oscillator feeds a quadraturemodulator which modulatesthe baseband chrominance components. the sub-carrier frequency is obtained from the following equation : fsc = (24-bit increment word / 2 24 ) x ckref hard-wired increment word values are available for each standard(except for `ntsc-4.43') and can be automatically selected. alternatively (according to bit `selrst' in reg. 2.), the frequency can be fully customized by programming other values into a dedicated increment word register (reg. 10-11- 12). this allows for instance to encode ontsc- 4.43o or opal-m-4.43o. this is done with the following procedure : - program the required increment in registers 10 to 12 - set bit `selrst' to `1' in configuration register 2 - perform a software reset (reg. 6). caution : this sets back all bits from reg. 7 onwards to their default value, when they can be reset. warning : if a standard change occurs after the software reset, the increment value is automatically re-initialized with the hardwired or loaded value according to bit selrst. the reset phase of the color sub-carrier can also be software-controlled (reg. 13-14). the sub-carrier phase can be periodically reset to its nominal value to compensate for any drift intro- duced by the finite accuracy of the calculations. sub-carrier phase adjustment can be performed every line, every eight field, every four field, or every two field (register 2 bits valrst[1:0]). STV0119A 15/42 iv - functional description (continued) iv.8 - burst insertion the color reference burst is inserted so as to always start with a positive zero crossing of the subcarrier sine wave (except in some cases where macrovision ? anti-copyprocess is active). thefirst and last half-cycles have a reduced amplitude so that the burst envelope starts and ends smoothly. the burst contains 9 or 10 sine cycles of 4.43361875mhzor 3.579545mhzaccordingto the standard programmed in the control register (reg. 0, bits std[1:0]), as follows : - ntsc-m 9 cycles of 3.579542mhz - pal-bdghi 10 cycles of 4.43361875mhz - pal-m 9 cycles of 3.57561149mhz - pal-n 9 cycles of 3.5820558mhz it is possibleto turn the burst off (no burst insertion) by setting configurationbit `bursten'to 0 (register2). notes : - two strategies exist for burst insertion: one is to merely gate and shape the subcarrier for burst insertion, the other is more elaborated and is to always start the burst with a positive-going zero crossing. in the first case the phase of the subcarrier when the burst starts is not controlled, with the consequence that some of its first and last cycles are more heavily distorded. the second solution guarantees smooth start and endof burst witha maximum of undistorded burst cycles and can only be beneficial to chroma decoders, it is the solution implemented in the STV0119A. - while the first option gave constant burst start time but uncontrolled initial burst phase, the second solution guarantees start on a positive-going zero crossing with the consequence that two burst start locations are visible over successive lines, according to the line parity. this is normal and explained below. - in ntsc, the relation between subcarrier frequency and line length creates a 180o subcarrier phase difference (with respect to the horizontal sync) from one line to the next according to the line parity. so if the burst always starts with the same phase (positive-going zero crossing), this means the burst will be inserted at time x or at time x+t ntsc /2 after the horizontal sync tip according to the line parity, where t ntsc is the duration of one cycle of the ntsc burst. - with pal, a similar rationale holds, and again there will be two possible burst start locations. the subcarrier phase difference (with respect to the horizontal sync) from one line to the next in that case is either 0 or 180o with the following series: a-a-b-b-a-a-...-etc. where a denotes `a-type' bursts and b denotes `b-type' bursts, a-type and b-type being 180 out of phase with respect to the horizontal sync. so 2 locations are possible, one for a-type, the other for b-type (see figure 8). - this assumes a periodic reset of the subcarrier is automatically performed (see bits valrst[1:0] in reg 2). otherwise, over several frames, the start of burst will drift within an interval of one a subcarrier's cycle. this is normal and means the burst is correctly locked to the colors encoded. the equivalent effect with a gated burst approach would be the following : the start location would be fixed but the phase with which the burst starts (with respect to the horizontal sync) would be drifting. iv.9 - luminance encoding the demultiplexed y samples are band-limitedand interpolated at ckref clock rate. the resulting luminancesignal is properlyscaled before insertion of any closed-captions, cgms or teletext data, macrovision tm copy-protection signals and syn- chronization pulses. the interpolation filter compensates for the sin(x)/ x attenuation inherent to d/a conversion and greatly simplifies the output stage filter (refer to figures 15 to 17 for characteristic curves). 01234567 910 8111213 frequency (x10 6 ) (hz) -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 amplitude (db) 0119a-22.eps figure 15 : luma filtering including dac attenuation 01234567 910 8 111213 frequency (x10 6 ) (hz) -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 amplitude (db) 0119a-23.eps figure 16 : luma filtering with 3.58mhz trap, including dac attenuation 01234567 910 8 111213 frequency (x10 6 ) (hz) -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 amplitude (db) 0119a-24.eps figure 17 : luma filtering with 4.43mhz trap, including dac attenuation STV0119A 16/42 iv - functional description (continued) in addition, the luminance that is added to the chrominance to create the composite cvbs signal can be trap-filtered at 3.58mhz (ntsc) or 4.43mhz (pal). this allows to cope with applica- tion oriented towards low-end tv sets which are subject to cross-color if the digital source has a wide luminance bandwidth (e.g. some dvd sources). note that the trap filter does not affect the s-vhs luminance output nor the rgb outputs. a 7.5 ire pedestal can be programmed if needed with all standards (see reg1, bit setup). this allows in particular to encode argentinian and non-ar- gentinian pal-n, or japanese ntsc (ntsc with no set-up). a programmable delay can be inserted on the luminance path to compensate any chroma/luma delay introduced by off-chip filtering (chroma and luma transitionsbeing coincidentat the dac output with default delay) (reg3, bits del[2:0]). iv.10 - chrominance encoding u and v chroma components are computed from demultiplexed cb, cr samples. before modulating the subcarrier, these are band-limited and interpo- lated at ckref clock rate. this processing eases the filtering following d/a conversion and allows a more accurate encoding. a set of 4 different filters is available for chroma filtering to fit a wide variety of applications in the different standards and in- clude filters recommended by itu-r rec624-4 and smpte170-m. the available 3db bandwidths are 1.1, 1.3, 1.6 or 1.9mhz, refer to figures 18 to 22 for the various frequency responses (reg1, bits flt[1:0]). the narrower bandwidths are useful against cross- luminance artefacts, the wider bandwidths allow to keep higher chroma contents and then an im- proved image quality. iv.11 - composite video signal generation the composite video signal is created by adding the luminance (after optional trap filtering, reg 3 bits entrap and trap_pal) and the chrominance components.a saturationfunctionis included in the adder to avoid overflow errors should extreme luminance levels be modulated with highly satu- rated colors (this does not correspond to natural colors but may be generated by computers or graphic engines). a `color killing' function is available (reg 1, bit coki) whereby the composite signal contains no chromi- nance, i.e. replicates the trap-filtered luminance. note that this function does not suppress the chrominance on the s-vhs outputs (nevertheless suppressing the s-vhs chrominance is possible using bit obkg_co in reg 5). 0 0.5 1.5 2 1 2.5 3 3.5 frequency (x10 6 ) (hz) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 f 3 =1.9 rgb amplitude (db) f 3 =1.6 f 3 =1.3 f 3 =1.1 f 3 =2.45 0119a-25.eps figure 18 : various chroma filters available + rgb filter 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 frequency (x10 6 ) (hz) amplitude (db) 0119a-26.eps figure 19 : 1.1mhz chroma filter (flt = 00) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 frequency (x10 6 ) (hz) amplitude (db) 0119a-27ep s figure 20 : 1.3mhz chroma filter (flt = 01) STV0119A 17/42 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 frequency (x10 6 ) (hz) amplitude (db) 0119a-28.eps figure 21 : 1.6mhz chroma filter (flt = 10) 0 2 4 6 8 101214 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 frequency (x10 6 ) (hz) amplitude (db) 0119a-29.eps figure 22 : 1.9mhz chroma filter (flt = 11) 0 2 4 6 8 101214 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 frequency (x10 6 ) (hz) amplitude (db) 0119a-30.eps figure 23 : rgb chroma filtering iv - functional description (continued) iv.12 - rgb encoding after demultiplexing, the cr and cb samples feed a 4 times interpolation filter. the resulting base- band chroma signal has a 2.45mhz bandwidth (figure 23) and is combined with the filtered luma component to generate r, g, b samples at 27mhz. iv.13 - closed captioning closed-captions (or data from an extended data service as defined by the closed-captions speci- fication) can be encoded by the circuit. the closed caption data is delivered to the circuit through the i 2 c interface. two dedicated pairs of bytes (two bytes per field), each pair preceded by a clock run-in and a start bit can be encoded and inserted on the luminance path on a selected tv line. the clock run-in and start code are generated by the STV0119A. closed-caption data registers are double-buffered so that loading can be performed anytime, even during line 21/284 or any other selected line. user register 39 (resp. 41) contains the first byte to send (lsbfirst) after the start bit on the appropriate tv line in field 1 (resp. field 2), and user register 40 (resp. 42) contains the second byte to send. the tv line number where data is to be encoded is programmble (reg. 37, 38). lines that may be selected include those used by the starsight data broadcastsystem. closed-captions data has prior- ity over any cgms or macrovisionanticopy signals programmed for the same line. the internal clock run-in generator is based on a direct digital frequency synthesizer. the nominal instantaneousdata rate is 503.5kbit/s(i.e. 32 times the ntsc line rate). data low corresponds nomi- nally to 0 ire, data high corresponds to 50 ire at the dac outputs. refer to figure 24. when closed-captioning is on (bits cc1/cc2 in reg.1), the cpu should load the relevant registers (reg. 39 and 40, or 41 and 42) once every frame at most (although there is in fact some margin due to the double-buffering).two bits are set in the status register in case of attempts to load the closed-cap- tion data registers too frequently, these can be used to regulate loading rate. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 t lsb 61 m s 27.35 m s 13.9 m s 10 m s transition time : 220ns 7 cycles of 504khz 0119a-31.eps figure 24 : example closed-caption waveform STV0119A 18/42 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 t lsb 11 m s 48.7 m s word 1 4 bits word 2 4 bits word 0 6 bits crcc 6 bits bit 1 bit 20 0119a-32.eps figure 25 : example cgms waveform iv - functional description (continued) the closed caption encoder considers that closed caption data has been loaded and is valid on completion of the write operation into register 40 for field1, intoregister42 for field2. if closed caption encodinghas been enabled and no new data bytes have been written into the closed caption data registers when the closed caption window starts on the appropriatetv line, then the circuit outputstwo us-ascii null characterswith odd parity after the start bit. iv.14 - cgms encoding cgms (copy generation management system - also known as vbid and described by standard cpx-1204 of eiaj) data can be encoded by the circuit. three bytes (20 significant bits) are deliv- ered to the chip via the i 2 c interface.two reference bits (`1' then `0') are encoded first, followed by 20 bits of cgms data (including a cyclic redundancy check sequence, not computed by the device and supplied to it as part of the 20 data bits). the reference bits are generated locally by the STV0119A. refer to figure 25 for a typical cgms waveform. when cgms encoding is enabled, the cgms (see bit encgms in reg 3) waveform is continously present once in each field, on lines 20 and 283 (smpte-525 line numbering). cgms data has pri- ority over any macrovision anticopy signals pro- grammed for the same line. the cgms data register is double-buffered,which means that it can be loaded anytime (even during line 20/283) without any risk of corrupting cgms data that could be in the process of being en- coded.the cgms encoder considers that new cgms data has been loaded and is valid on com- pletion of the write operation into register 33 iv.15 - teletext encoding the STV0119A is able to encode teletext accord- ing to the occir/itu-r broadcast teletext system bo specification, also known as oworld system teletexto. in dvb applications, teletext data is embedded within dvb streams as mpeg data packets. it is the responsibilityof a otransportlayer processingo ic (or demultiplexer), like st's st20-based otp2o, to sort out incoming data packets and in particular to store teletext packet in a buffer, which then passes them to the STV0119A on request. iv.15.1 - signals exchanged the STV0119Aand the teletext buffer exchange 2 signals: ttxs (teletext synchronization) going from the STV0119Ato the teletext bufferand ttxd (teletext data) going from the teletext buffer to the STV0119A. the ttxs signal is a request signal generated on selected lines. in response to this signal, the teletext buffer is expected to send 360 teletext bits to the STV0119Afor insertion of a teletext line into the analog video signal. the durationof the ttxs windowis 1402reference clockperiods (51.926 m s), which correspondsto the duration of 360 teletext bits (see transmission protocol below). following the ttxs rising edge the encoder ex- pects data from the teletext buffer after a program- mable number (2 to 9) of 27mhz master clock periods. data is transmittedsynchronouslywith the master clock at an average rate of 6.9375mbit/s according to the protocol described below. it con- sists, in order of transmission, of 16 clock run-in bits, 8 framing code bits and the 336 bits (42 bytes) that represent one teletext packet. iv.15.2 - transmission protocol in order to transmit the teletext data bits at an average rate of 6.9375mbit/s, which is about 1/3.89 times the master clock frequency, the follo- wing scheme is adopted : the 360-bit packet is regarded as nine 37-bit se- quences plus one 27-bit sequence. in every se- quence, each teletext data bit is transmitted as a succession of 4 identicalsamples at 27 msample/s, except for the 10th, 19th, 28th and 37th bits of the sequence which are transmitted as a succession of 3 identical samples. this protocol is compatible with st's st-20 based tranport layer ic (otp2o). STV0119A 19/42 ttxs ckref ttxd (txdl[2:0] + 2) t ckref not valid bit 1 bit 2 0119a-33.eps figure 26 : attxs risingo to afirst valid sampleo delay for txdl[2:0] = 0 iv - functional description (continued) iv.15.3 - programming iv.15.3.1 - 'ttxs rising' to 'first valid sample' delay programming theencoder expects the teletextbuffer to clock out the first teletext data sample on the (2+n)th rising edge of the master clock following the rising edge of ttxs (figure 26 depicts this graphically for n=0). 'n' is programmable from 0 to 7 (i.e. overall delay is programmable from two to nine 27mhz cycles) via 3 dedicated bits located in the configu- ration register4 : otxdl[2:0]o. iv.15.3.2 - teletext line selection five dedicated registers allow to program teletext encoding in various areas of the vertical blanking interval (vbi) of each field. a total of 4 such areas (i.e. blocks of contiguous teletext lines) can inde- pendently be defined within the two vbis of one frame (e.g. 2 blocksin each vbi, or 3 blocks in field1 vbi and one in field2 vbi, etc.). further, under certain circumstances, it is possible to define up to 4 areas in each vbi. programming is performed using 4 oteletext block definitiono registers (ttxbd1, ttxbd2, ttxbd3,ttxbd4) and a oteletext block mappingo register (ttxbm). refer to the description of user registers 34 to 38 for details. iv.15.4 - teletext pulse shape the shape and amplitude of a singleteletext pulse are depictedin figure27, its relativepower spectral density is given in figures 28 and 29 and is sub- stantially zero at frequencies above 5mhz, as re- -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 (ns) +144ns -144ns ire 0119a -34.eps figure 27 : shape and amplitude of a single teletext symbol 0 0 12345678 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 psd (db) (x10 6 ) (hz) 0119a-35.eps figure 28 : linear psd scale quired by the world system teletext specification. STV0119A 20/42 012345678 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 psd (db) (x10 6 ) (hz) 0119a-36.eps figure 29 : logarithmic psd scale iv - functional description (continued) iv.16 - i 2 c bus an external micro-controller controls the STV0119A via an i 2 c busby writing into or readingfrom internal registers. the i 2 c interface supports the ofast i 2 c protocolo (up to 400khz - and potentially more). the default i 2 c addresses of the STV0119A are : - in write mode : o01000000o (40 hex) - in read mode : o01000001o (41 hex) after a hardware reset, it is these addresses that the STV0119A recognizes. it is possible to modify the default i 2 c address by tiing the ttxs/csi2c pin to logic `1' and validat- ing the change by writing into a dedicated bit in register 6. in that case, the STV0119Ahas a newi 2 c address : - in write mode : o01000010o (42 hex) - in read mode : o01000011o(43 hex) once the i 2 c address has been changed, it cannot be modifed anymore until the next hardware reset. note that these i 2 c addresses are the same as those used by the stv0117/stv0117a (others st pal/ntsc digital encoder). it is expected that i 2 c address changes will nor- mally be needed for dual encoding applications. the exact procedure to change the i 2 c addresses is detailed below, in the section that deals with dual encoding applications. write and read operations are described in fig- ures 30 and 31. scl sda r/w a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 i 2 c slave address 40h ack by stv0119 lsb address start d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 data byte 2 data byte 3 data byte n stop scl sda data byte 1 d6 d7 ack by stv0119 ack by stv0119 ack by stv0119 ack by stv0119 ack by stv0119 0119a-37.eps figure 30 : i 2 c write operation (default address at power-on, csi2c '1') scl sda r/w a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 i 2 c slaveaddress 40h lsb address start scl sda r/w d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 data byte n start d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 stop data byte 1 i 2 c slaveaddress 41h stop ack by stv0119 ack by stv0119 ack by micro ack by stv0119 ack by micro 0119a-38.eps figure 31 : i 2 c read operation (default address at power-on, csi2c '1') STV0119A 21/42 ckref (27mhz) cb nosd cb osd y nosd y osd cr nosd cr osd y' nosd y' osd cb nosd cb nosd 54mbit/s ycrcb stream 0119a-39.eps figure 32 : 54mbit/s dual ycrcb stream iv.17 - dual encoding application with 54mbit/s ycrcb interface iv - functional description (continued) the STV0119A is able to interface with st's mpeg decoders capable of supplying a 54-mbit/s ycrcbmultiplex, like the sti3520m. this multiplex embeds two 27mbit/s ycrcb video streams, one with osd contents and the other without osd content (see figure 32). note that the frequency of the reference clock supplied to the encoder is still 27mhz, only both edges are used in the interface. the mpeg decoder being usually slaved to the encoder, if two encoders are to be used in parallel, one of them must be master and the other must be slave. figure 33 shows a typical dual encoding application (although other applications where two STV0119A's are slave are possible). it is also necessary to be able to control inde- pendently the encoders. one solution is to have two separate i 2 c busses (one for each encoder) running from the microcontroller(this is possible on st's st20, which features two i 2 c busses), an- other solution is to change the i 2 c chip address of one of the STV0119A. this can be done with the following procedure : - if no teletext is required, tie pin ttxs/ csi2c of the 1st encoder to `0'. - if teletext encoding is needed, connect the ttxs/csi2c pin of the first encoder to both the ttxs input pin of the teletext buffer / transport ic (e.g. st's tp2) and a pull-down resistor (needed for power-on configuration). - connect ttxs/csi2c of the second encoder to logic `1'. - before performing any teletext-related program- ming, set to `1' bit ochgi2co in configuration regis- ter 6. on hardware reset, both encoders have the same default i 2 c address (40-41hex). when bit ochgi2co toggles to `1', the i 2 c address of the first encoder (withttxs/csi2c pulled low) keeps unchanged at 40-41hex, whilst the i 2 c address of the second encoder (with ttxs/csi2c = `1') switches to 42- 43hex and can no more be changed until the next hardware reset. after i 2 c address change, the second encoder must be programmedto choose the ycrcb incom- ing data stream on the falling edge of ckref (see bit 'nosd' in configuration register 3). STV0119A 22/42 oddeven hsync frame sync line sync ycrcb[7:0] 54mhz digital video data mpeg decoder 27mhz (e.g. sti3520m) 54mhz interface bit nosd = 0 hsync oddeven 27mhz transport ic (st20tp2) (demultiplexer + cpu + teletext buffer) ttxs sda scl r pull-down = 47k w ttxs/csi2c sda scl 3.3v r pull-up 3.3v cvbs b/cvbs r/c g/y with osd with osd for tv set STV0119A (master) hsync 54mhz interface bit nosd = 1 oddeven 27mhz ttxs/csi2c (see bit chgi2c) sda scl cvbs b/cvbs r/c g/y without osd without osd for vcr STV0119A (slave) 3.3v v dd v ss 8 8 8 3.3v v dd v ss 27mhz 3.3v v dd r pull-up 3.3v v ss v ss 0119a -40.ep s figure 33 : typical dual encoding application iv - functional description (continued) STV0119A 23/42 iv - functional description (continued) iv.18 - line skip / line insert capability this patented feature of the STV0119A offers the possibility to cut the cost of the application by suppressing the need for a vcxo. ideally, the master clock used on the application board and fed to the mpeg decoding ic would have exactly same frequency as the clock that was used when the mpeg data was encoded. obvi- ously this is not realistic; up to now a solution commonlychosen is to dynamicallyadjust the clock on the board as closeto the `ideal' clock as possible with the help of time stamps embedded within the mpeg stream. such a kind of tracking often in- volves the use of a vcxo : when the mpeg data bufferfills up to more than some thresholdthe clock frequency is increased, when it empties down to some other threshold the clock frequency is low- ered. the STV0119A offers an alternative, cost-saving solution: by programming the two bits jump and dec_ninc in configuration reg6, the STV0119A is able to reduce or increase the length of some frames in a way that will not introduce visible arte- facts (even if comb-filtering is used). these bits should be set according to the level of the mpeg data buffer. refer to section vi.2 register 6, register 9 and registers 21-22-23 for complete bit description. operation with the STV0119Aas sync master is as follows : - if the mpeg data buffers fills up too much: set bit ojumpo to `1' and bit odec_ninco to `1'.the STV0119A will reduce the length of the current frame (bit ojumpo will then automatically be reset to `0'). - if the mpeg data buffers empties too much: set bit ojumpo to `1' and bit odec_ninco to `0'.the STV0119Awill increase the length of the current frame (bit ojumpo will then automatically be reset to `0'). these operations can be repeated until the mpeg data buffer is inside its fixed limits. it is also possible to use the line skip/repeat capa- bility in non-interlaced mode. this functionalityof the STV0119Ais also available in slave mode, in this case the sync signals sup- plied to the STV0119Amust be in accordancewith the modified frame lengthes programmed. iv.19 - macrovision ? copy protection process rev7.01/6.1 the chrominance, luminance and compositevideo signals and r,g,b video signals can be altered according to the macrovision ? copy protec- tion process, revision 7.01 and revision 6.1. this process is controlled via the i 2 c bus. a programming document is available to those cus- tomers who have executed a license or a non-dis- closure agreement with macrovision corporation. for all relevant information or document, please contact : macrovision corporation : 1341 orleans drive sunnivale, california 94089 usa fax : 1.408.743.8610 iv.20 - cvbs, s-vhs and rgb analog outputs four out of six video signals (composite cvbs, s-vhs (y/c) and rgb) can be directed to 4 analog output pins through 9-bit d/a converters operating at the reference clock frequency. the available combinations (see bit `rgb_nyc' in reg5) are : s-vhs (y/c) + cvbs + cvbs1 or : r, g, b + cvbs1. a single external analog power supply pair is used for all dacs, but two independent pairs of current and voltage references are needed. each current reference pin is normally connected externally to a resistor tied to the analogue ground, whilst each voltage reference pin is normally connected to a capacitance tied to the analogue ground. the internal current sources are independentfrom the positive supply, thanks to a bangap, and the consumption of the dacs is constant whatever the codes converted. any unused dac may be independentlydisabled by software, in which case its output is at `neutral' level (blanking for luma and composite outputs, no color for chroma output, black for rgb outputs). for applications where a single cvbs output is required, the rgb/cvbs+s-vhs triple dac should be disabled and pins i ref(rgb) , vr_rgb tied to analog power supply. STV0119A 24/42 v - characteristics v.1 - absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter value unit v ddx dc supply voltage -0.3, 4.0 v v in digital input voltage -0.3, v dd + 0.3 v v out digital output voltage -0.3, v dd + 0.3 v i ref analog input reference current 2 ma t oper operating temperature 0, +70 o c t stg storage temperature -40, +150 o c p tot total power dissipation 500 mw v.2 - thermal data symbol parameter value unit r th(j-a) dc junction-ambient thermal resistance with sample soldered on a pcb typ. 76 c/w v.3 - dc electrical characteristics t amb =25 c/70 c, v dda =v dd = 3.3v, unless otherwise specified symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit supply v dda analog positive supply voltage 3.0 3.3 3.6 v v dd digital supply voltage 3.0 3.3 3.6 v i dda analog current consumption ri ref =1.2k w ,r l = 200 w , c l = 50pf, ckref = 27mhz, v dd = 3.6v autotest mode, static input signals 20 50 ma i dd digital current consumption 20 35 50 ma digital inputs v il input voltage low level (any other pins) 0.8 v v ih input voltage scl and sda - (5v tolerant) except scl and sda high level (any other pins) 2.0 2.0 4.5 v dd v i l input leakage current input pins (see note 2) bi-directional pins v il min or v ih max -10 -10 80 10 m a m a c in input capacitance input pins bi-directional pins 0.1 5 pf pf sda output v l output voltage low level, i o = 2ma 0.4 v digital output v oh output voltage high level (i oh = -4ma) 2 v v ol output voltage low level (i ol = 4ma) 0.6 v d/a converter ri ref resistance for reference current source for 3 d/a converters i ref =v ref /ri ref ,v ref = 1.12v typ. 1.2 k w v o output voltage dyn ri ref = 1.2k w ,r l = 200 w (max. code - min. code) 0.95 1.10 v pp dac to dac v o max code (tri-dac only) ri ref = 1.2k w ,r l = 200 w 3% ile lf integral non-linearity ri ref = 1.2k w ,r l = 200 w 1 lsb dle lf differential non-linearity ri ref = 1.2k w ,r l = 200 w 0.5 lsb notes : 1. this product withstands 1.4kv (the mil883c norm requires 2.0kv). this product withstands 150v (the eiaj norm requires 200v). 2. the high value for input pins is due to internal pull-down resistance. STV0119A 25/42 v.4 - ac electrical characteristics t amb =25 c/70 c, v dda =v dd = 3.3v, unless otherwise specified symbol parameter test conditions min. typ. max. unit digital input (ycrcb[7:0], hsync, vsync/oddeven, ttxd) tsu input data set-up time ckref rising edge, ckref = 27mhz 6 ns tho input data hold time ckref rising edge, ckref = 27mhz 3 ns active period for nreset trstl input low time 200 ns reference clock : ckref 1/tc_ref clock frequency 27 mhz td_ref clock duty cycle 35* 65* % tr_ref clock rise time 5ns tf_ref clock fall time 5ns i 2 c clock : scl tc_scl clock cycle time rpull_up = 4.7k w 2mhz td_scl clock duty cycle 50 % tl_scl low level cycle rpull_up = 4.7k w 250 ns digital outputs (hsync, oddeven, ttxs) tp propagation delay time ckref rising edge, ckref = 27mhz, c l = 50pf 10 ns * in case of double encoding these values must be compatible with the ycrcb transmitter. v - characteristics (continued) STV0119A 26/42 vi - registers vi.1 - register mapping configuration0 r/w 00 std1 std0 sync2 sync1 sync0 polh polv freerun configuration1 r/w 01 blkli flt1 flt0 sync_ok coki setup cc2 cc1 configuration2 r/w 02 nintrl enrst bursten xxx selrst rstosc valrst1 valrst0 configuration3 r/w 03 entrap trap_pal encgms nosd del2 del1 del0 xxx configuration4 r/w 04 syncin _ad1 syncin _ad0 syncout _ad1 syncout _ad0 aline txdl2 txdl1 txdl0 configuration5 r/w 05 rgb_nyc bkcvbs1 reserved reserved bk_ys bk_c bk_cvbs dacinv configuration6 r/w 06 softreset jump dec_ninc free_jump xxx xxx chgi2c maxdyn reserved xxx 07 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx reserved xxx 08 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx status r 09 hok atfr b2_free b1_free fieldct2 fieldct1 fieldct0 jumping increment_dfs r/w 10 d23 d22 d21 d20 d19 d18 d17 d16 increment_dfs r/w 11 d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 increment_dfs r/w 12 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 phase_dfs r/w 13 - - - - - - o23 o22 phase_dfs r/w 14 o21 o20 o19 o18 o17 o16 o15 o14 reserved xxx 15 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx reserved xxx 16 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx s xxx chipid r 17 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 revid r 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 reserved r/w 19 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx reserved r/w 20 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx line_reg r/w 21 ltarg8 ltarg7 ltarg6 ltarg5 ltarg4 ltarg3 ltarg2 ltarg1 line_reg r/w 22 ltarg0 lref8 lref7 lref6 lref5 lref4 lref3 lref2 line_reg r/w 23 lref1 lref0 - - - - - - cgms_bit_1-4 r/w 31 - - - - bit1 bit2 bit3 bit4 cgms_bit_5-12 r/w 32 bit5 bit6 bit7 bit8 bit9 bit10 bit11 bit12 cgms_bit_13-20 r/w 33 bit13 bit14 bit15 bit16 bit17 bit18 bit19 bit20 ttx_block_1_def. r/w 34 ttxbs1.3 ttxbs1.2 ttxbs1.1 ttxbs1.0 ttxbe1.3 ttxbe1.2 ttxbe1.1 ttxbe1.0 ttx_block_2_def. r/w 35 ttxbs2.3 ttxbs2.2 ttxbs2.1 ttxbs2.0 ttxbe2.3 ttxbe2.2 ttxbe2.1 ttxbe2.0 ttx_block_3_def. r/w 36 ttxbs3.3 ttxbs3.2 ttxbs3.1 ttxbs3.0 ttxbe3.3 ttxbe3.2 ttxbe3.1 ttxbe3.0 ttx_block_4_def. r/w 37 ttxbs4.3 ttxbs4.2 ttxbs4.1 ttxbs4.0 ttxbe4.3 ttxbe4.2 ttxbe4.1 ttxbe4.0 ttx_block_map r/w 38 ttxbmf1.1 ttxbmf1.2 ttxbmf1.3 ttxbmf1.4 ttxbmf2.1 ttxbmf2.2 ttxbmf2.3 ttxbmf2.4 c.c.c.f1 r/w 39 opc11 c117 c116 c115 c114 c113 c112 c111 c.c.c.f1 r/w 40 opc12 c127 c126 c125 c124 c123 c122 c121 c.c.c.f2 r/w 41 opc21 c217 c216 c215 c214 c213 c212 c211 c.c.c.f2 r/w 42 opc22 c227 c226 c225 c224 c223 c222 c221 cclif1 r/w 43 xxx xxx xxx l1_4 l1_3 l1_2 l1_1 l1_0 cclif2 r/w 44 xxx xxx xxx l2_4 l2_3 l2_2 l2_1 l2_0 reserved xxx 45 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... reserved xxx 63 xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx xxx STV0119A 27/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_0 - configuration0 msb lsb content std1 std0 sync2 sync1 sync0 polh polv freerun default 10010010 std[1:0] std1 std0 standard selected (*) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 pal bdghi pal n (see bit set-up) ntsc m pal m note 1 : standard on hardware reset is ntsc; any standard modification selects automatically the right parameters for correct subcarrier generation. sync[2:0] sync2 sync1 sync0 configuration (refer to functional description, sections iv.4 and iv.5) (*) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 oddeven based slave mode (frame locked) f only based slave mode (frame locked) oddeven+hsync based slave mode (line locked) `f'+'h' based slave mode (line locked) vsync-only based slave mode (frame locked) (see note) vsync+hsync based slave mode (line locked) master mode autotest mode (color bar pattern) caution : in vsync-only based slave mode (sync[2:0]=o100o), hsync is nevertheless needed as an input. refer to functional description, section iv.5.2.2. polh synchro : active edge of hsync selection (when input) or polarity of hsync (when output) (*) 0 1 hsync is a negative pulse (128 t ckref wide) or falling edge is active hsync is a positive pulse (128 t ckref wide) or rising edge is active polv synchro : active edge of oddeven/vsync selection (when input) or polarity of oddeven (when output) - see note 2 (*) 0 1 falling edge of oddeven flags start of field1 (odd field) or vsync is active low rising edge of oddeven flags start of field1 (odd field) or vsync is active high note 2 : in master mode : polarity of oddeven output. in slave by f (from eav) : polv = 0 (cf d1 encoding) and oddeven polarity is the image of f extracted from eav words. freerun refer to functional description, section iv.5 (*) 0 1 disabled enabled caution : this bit is taken into account in oddeven-only, vsync-only or `f' based slave modes and is irrelevant to other synchronization modes. STV0119A 28/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_1 - configuration1 msb lsb content blkli flt1 flt0 sync_ok coki setup cc2 cc1 default 01000100 blkli vertical blankingintervalselectionfor activevideo lines area (refer to functionaldescription, section iv.2 and figures 2 to 7). (*) 0 (`partial blanking') only following lines inside vertical interval are blanked ntsc-m : lines [1..9], [263(half)..272] (525-smpte) pal-m : lines [523..6], [260(half)..269] (525-ccir) other pal : lines [623(half)..5], [311..318] (625-ccir) this mode allows preservation of vbi data embedded within incoming ycrcb, e.g. teletext (lines [7..22] and [320..335]), wide screen signalling (full line 23), video programing service (line16), etc.). 1 (`full blanking') all lines inside vbi are blanked ntsc-m : lines [1..19], [263(half)..282] (525-smpte) pal-m : lines [523..16], [260(half)..279] (525-ccir) other pal : lines [623(half)..22], [311..335] (625-ccir) note : blkli must be set to '0' when closed captions and are to be encoded on following lines : - in 525/60 system: before line 20(smpte) or before line 283(smpte) - in 625/50 system: before line 23(ccir) or before line 336(ccir) for cgms and teletext encodings, blkli value is not taken into account. flt[1:0] u/v chroma filter bandwidth selection (refer to functional description, section iv.10 and figures 4 and 5) (*) flt1 0 0 1 1 flt0 0 1 0 1 3db bandwidth f-3 = 1.1mhz f-3 = 1.3mhz f-3 = 1.6mhz f-3 = 1.9mhz typical application low definition ntsc filter low definition pal filter high definition ntsc filter (atsc compliant) & pal m/n (itu-r 624.4 compliant) high definition pal filter: rec 624 - 4 for palbdg/i compliant sync_ok availability of sync signals (analog and digital) in case of input synchronization loss with no free-run active (i.e. freerun=0) (refer to functional description, section iv.5) (*) 0 1 no synchro output signals output synchros available on ys, cvbs and, when applicable, hsync (if output port), oddeven (if output port), i.e same behavior as free-run except that video outputs are blanked in the active portion of the line caution : this bit is taken into account in oddeven-only, vsync-only or `f' based slave modes and is irrelevant to other synchronization modes. coki color killer (refer to functional description, section iv.11) (*) 0 1 color on color suppressed on cvbs (and cvbs1) outputsignal (cvbs=ys) but color still present on c andrgb outputs.for color suppressionon chromadac `c',see register 5 bitbkg_c. setup pedestal enable (refer to functional description, section iv.9) (*) 0 1 blanking level and black level are identical on all lines (ex : argentinian pal-n, japan ntsc-m, pal-bdghi) black level is 7.5 ire above blanking level on all lines outside vbi (ex :paraguayan and uruguayan pal-n) in all standards, gain factor is adjusted to obtain the required levels for chrominance. cc2, cc1 closed caption encoding mode (refer to functional description, section iv.13) (*) cc2 0 0 1 1 cc1 0 1 0 1 encoding mode no closed caption/extendeddata encoding closed caption/extendeddata encoding enabled in field 1 (odd) closed caption/extendeddata encoding enabled in field 2 (even) closed caption/extendeddata encoding enabled in both fields STV0119A 29/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_2 - configuration2 msb lsb content nintrl enrst bursten xxxx selrst rstosc valrst1 valrst0 default 00100000 refer to functional description, section iv.7. nintrl non-interlaced mode select (refer to figures 3, 5 and 7) (*) 0 1 interlaced mode (625/50 or 525/60 system) non-interlaced mode(2x312/50 or 2x262/60 system) note : `nintrl' update is internally taken into account on beginning of next frame. enrst cyclic update of ddfs phase (*) 0 1 no cyclic subcarrier phase reset cyclic subcarrier phase reset depending of valrst1 and valrst0 (see below) bursten chrominance burst control (*) 0 1 burst is turned off on cvbs (and cvbs1), c and rgb outputs are not affected burst is enabled selrst selects set of reset values for direct digital frequency synthesizer (*) 0 1 hardware reset values for phase and increment of subcarrier oscillator (see description of registers 10 to 14 for values) i 2 c loaded reset values selected (see contents of registers 10 to 14) rstosc software phase reset of ddfs (direct digital frequency synthesizer) (*) 0 1 inactive a 0-to-1 transition resets the phase of the subcarrier to either the hard-wired default phase value or the value loaded in register 13-14 (according to bit `selrst') note : bit `rstosc' is automatically set back to `0' after the oscillator reset has been performed. valrst[1:0] note : valrst[1:0] is taken into account only if bit `enrst' is set valrst1 valrst0 selection (*) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 automatic reset of the oscillator every line automatic reset of the oscillator every 2nd field automatic reset of the oscillator every 4th field automatic reset of the oscillator every 8th field resetting the oscillator means here forcing the value of the accumulator phase to its nominal value to avoid accumulating errors due to the finite number of bits used internally. the value to which the accumulator is reset is either the hard-wired default phase value or the value loaded in register 13-14 (according to bit `selrst'), to which a 0 ,90 , 180 , or 270 correction is applied according to the field and line on which the reset is performed. STV0119A 30/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_3 - configuration3 msb lsb content entrap trap_pal encgms nosd del2 del1 del0 xxx default 00000000 entrap enable trap filter (*) 0 1 trap filter disabled trap filter enabled trap_pal refer to functional description, section iv.9 note : `trap_pal' is taken into account only if bit `entrap' is set. (*) 0 1 to select the ntsc trap filter (centered around 3.58mhz) (see figure 16) to select the pal trap filter (centered around 4.43mhz) (see figure 17) encgms cgms encoding enable (refer to functional description, section iv.14) (*) 0 1 disabled enabled note : when encgms is set to 1 closed-captions/extended data services should not be programmed on lines 20 and 283 (525/60, smpte line number convention). nosd choice of active edge of `ckref' (master clock) that samples incoming ycrcb data (refer to functional description, section iv.17). (*) 0 1 `ckref' rising edge (e.g. data with osd coming from sti3520m) `ckref' falling edge (e.g. data without osd coming from sti3520m) note : typically, this bit is used when two STV0119A's are used in a `dual encoding' configuration. del[2:0] delay on luma path with reference to chroma path (refer to functional description, section iv.9) (*) del2 0 0 0 1 1 del1 1 0 0 1 1 del0 0 1 0 1 0 delay on luma path with reference to chroma path (one pixel corresponds to 1/13.5mhz (74.04ns)) + 2 pixel delay on luma + 1 pixel delay on luma + 0 pixel delay on luma - 1 pixel delay on luma - 2 pixel delay on luma other + 0 pixel delay on luma STV0119A 31/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_4 - configuration4 msb lsb content syncin_ad1 syncin_ad0 syncout_ad1 syncout_ad0 aline txdl2 txdl1 txdl0 default 00000000 syncin_ad adjustment of incoming sync signals (refer to functional description, section iv.5). used to insure correct interpretation of incoming video samples as y, cr or cb when the encoderis slaved to incoming sync signals(incl. `f/h'flagsstripped offitu-r656/d1 data). syncin_ad1 syncin_ad0 internal delay undergone by incoming sync (*) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 nominal +1 ckref +2 ckref +3 ckref syncout_ad adjustment of outgoing sync signals (refer to functional description, sectioniv.4). used to insure correct interpretation of incoming video samples as y, cr or cb when the encoder is master and supplies sync signals. syncout_ad1 syncout_ad0 delay added to sync signals before they are output (*) 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 nominal +1 ckref +2 ckref +3 ckref aline video active line duration control(refer to functional description, section iv.2) (*) 0 1 full digital video line encoding (720 pixels - 1440 clock cycles) active line duration follows itu-r/smpte `analog' standard requirements txdl[2:0] teletext data latency (* o000o default) (refer to functional description, section iv.15) the encoder will clock in the first teletext data sample on the (2+txdl[2:0]) th rising edge of the master clock following the rising edge of ttxs (teletext synchro signal, supplied by the encoder). STV0119A 32/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_5 - configuration5 msb lsb content rgb_nyc bkcvbs1 reserved reserved bk_ys bk_c bk_cvbs dacinv default 00110000 rgb_nyc selection between rgb or s-vhs/cvbs outputs present on dacs (refer to functional description, section iv.12) (*) 0 1 y - c - cvbs - cvbs1 on dacs r - g - b - cvbs1 on dacs bkcvbs1 blanking of dac cvbs (*) 0 1 dac cvbs in normal operation dac input code forced to blanking level bk_ys blanking of dac g/y' (*) 0 1 dac g/y in normal operation dac input code forced to black level (if g) or blanking level (if y) bk_c blanking of dac `r/c' (*) 0 1 dac r/c in normal operation dac input code forced to black level (if r) or neutral level [no color] (if c) bk_cvbs blanking of dac `b/cvbs' (*) 0 1 dac b/cvbs in normal operation dac input code forced to black level (if b) or blanking level (if cvbs) dacinv `inverts' dac codes to compensate for an inverting output stage in the application (*) 0 1 dac non inverted inputs dac inverted inputs STV0119A 33/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_6 - configuration6 msb lsb content softreset jump dec_ninc free_jump xxxx xxxx chgi2c maxdyn default 00010000 softreset software reset (*) 0 1 no reset software reset note : bit `softreset' is automatically reset after internal reset generation. software reset is active during 4 ckref periods. when softreset is activated, all the device is reset as with hardware reset except for the first six user registers (configurations) and for registers 10 up to 14 (increment and phase of oscillator), 31-33, 34-37 and 39-42. jump, dec_ninc, free_jump jump dec_ninc free_jump 0 0 0 normal mode (no line skip/insert capability) ccir : 313/312 or 263/262 non-interlaced : 312/312 or 262/262 0 x 1 manual mode for line insert (odec_ninco = 0) or skip (odec_ninco = 1) capability. both fields of all the frames following the i 2 c writing are modified accordingto olrefoand oltargobits of registers21-22-23 (by default, olrefo = 0 and oltargo= 1 which leads to normal mode above). 1 0 0 automatic line insert mode. the 2 nd field of the frame following the i 2 c writing is increased. line insertion is done after line 245 in 525/60 and after line 330 in 625/50. olrefo and oltargo bits are ignored. 1 1 0 automatic line skip mode. the2 nd field of the framefollowing the i 2 c writtingis decreased. line suppression is done after line 245 in 525/60 and after line 330 in 625/50. olrefo and oltargo bits are ignored. 1 x 1 not be used notes : - refer to functional description (section iv.18) - bit ojumpo is automatically reset after use. chgi2c chip address selection (*) 0 1 chip address : write = 40hex ; read = 41hex chip address : write = 42hex; read = 43hex note : setting this bit to 1 changes the chip address provided that pin ttxs/csi2c is tied to vdd when the 0-to-1 transition occurs. refer to sections iv.16 and iv.17. the new address is valid until the next hardware reset. maxdyn max dynamic magnitude allowed on ycrcb inputs for encoding (refer to functional description, section iv.6). (*) 0 1 10hex to ebhex for y, 10hex to e0hex for chrominance (cr,cb) 01hex to fehex for y, cr and cb note : in any case, eav and sav words are replaced by blanking values before being fed to the luminance and chrominace processings register_7 and 8 : reserved STV0119A 34/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_9 - status (read only) msb lsb content hok atfr buf2_free buf1_free fieldct2 fieldct1 fieldct0 jumping hok hamming decoding of frame sync flag embedded within itu-r656/d1 compliant ycrcb streams. (*) 0 1 consecutive errors a single or no error note : signal quality detector is issued from hamming decoding of eav,savfrom ycrcb atfr frame synchronization flag (slave mode only) (*) 0 1 encoder not synchronized encoder synchronized (*) buf2_free closed caption registers access condition for field 2 (refer to functional description, section iv.13) closed caption data for field 2 is buffered before being output on the relevant tv line; buf2_free is reset if the buffer is temporarily unavailable. if the microcontroller can guaranteethat registers 41 and 42 (cccf2) are never written more than once between two frame reference signals, then bit `buf2_free' will always be true (set). otherwise, closed caption field2 registers access might be temporarily forbidden by resetting bit `buf2_free' until the next field2 closed caption line occurs. note that this bit is false (reset) when 2 pairs of data bytes are awaiting to be encoded, and is set back immediately after one of these pairs has been encoded (so at that time,encoding of the last pair of bytes is still pending) reset value = 1 (access authorized) (*) buf1_free closed caption registers access condition for field 1 same as buf2_free but concerns field 1. reset value = 1 (access authorized) fieldct[2:0] digital field identification number 000 ... 111 indicates field 1 indicates field 8 fieldct[0] also represents the odd/even information (odd='0', even='1') (*) jumping indicates whether a frame length modification has been programmed at `1' from programming of bit `jump' to end of frame(s) concerned. default = 0 refer to register 6 and registers 21-22-23. STV0119A 35/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) registers_10_11_12- increment_dfs : increment for digital frequency synthesizer msb lsb register_10 d23 d22 d21 d20 d19 d18 d17 d16 register_11 d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 register_12 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 these registers contain the 24-bit increment used by the ddfs if bit `selrst' equals `1' to generate the frequencyof the subcarrieri.e. the address that is supplied to the sinerom. it thereforeallows to customize the subcarrier frequency synthesized. refer to functional description, section iv.7. 1 lsb ~ 1.6 hz the procedure to validate usage of these registers instead of the hard-wired values is the following : - load the registers with the required value - set bit `selrst' to 1 (reg 2) - perform a software reset (reg 6) notes : the values loaded in reg10-11-12 are taken into account after a software reset, and only if bit `selrst'='1' (reg. 2) these registers are never reset and must be explicitly written into to contain sensible information. on hardware reset (=> `selrst'=0) or on soft reset with selrst='0', the ddfs is initalized with a hardwired increment, independent of registers 10-12. these hardwired values being out of any user register these cannot be read out of the STV0119A. these values are : value frequency synthesized ref.clock d[23:0] : 21f07c hexa for ntsc m (*) f = 3.5795452mhz 27mhz d[23:0] : 2a098b hexa for pal bghin f = 4.43361875 mhz 27mhz d[23:0] : 21f694 hexa for pal n f = 3.5820558mhz 27mhz d[23:0] : 21e6f0 hexa for pal m f = 3.57561149mhz 27mhz `ntsc-4.43' can be obtained with d[23:0] value like for palbghi but with standardfixed as ntsc. registers_13_14 - phase_dfs : static phase offset for digital frequency synthesizer (10 bits only) msb lsb register_13 ------o23o22 register_14 o21 o20 o19 o18 o17 o16 o15 o14 under certain circumstances (detailed below), these registers contain the 10 msbs of the value with which the phase accumulator of the ddfs is initialized after a 0-to-1 transition of bit `rstosc' (reg 2), or after a standard change, or when cyclic phase readjustment has been programmed (see bits valrst[1:0] of reg 2). the 14 remaining lsbs loaded into the accumulator in these cases are all `0's (this allows to define the phase reset value with a 0.35 accuracy). the procedure to validate usage of these registers instead of the hard-wired values is the following : - load the registers with the required value - set bit `selrst' to 1 (reg 2) - perform a software reset (reg 6) notes : registers 13-14 are never reset and must be explicitly written into to contain sensible information. if bit `selrst'=0 (e.g. after a hardware reset) the phase offset used to reinitialize the ddfs is the hard-wired value. the hard-wired values being out of any register, they cannot be read out of the STV0119A. these are : - d9c000hex for pal bdghi, n, m - 1fc000hex for ntsc-m STV0119A 36/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_15 : reserved register_16 : reserved register_17 : chipid (read only) : STV0119Aidentification number 01110111 (codes 119 in binary format) register_18 : revid (read only) : STV0119A revision number 00000011 (for third revision) register_19 : reserved register_20 : reserved registers_21_22_23: line_reg = ltarg[8:0] and lref[8:0] msb lsb register_21 ltarg8 ltarg7 ltarg6 ltarg5 ltarg4 ltarg3 ltarg2 ltarg1 register_22 ltarg0 lref8 lref7 lref6 lref5 lref4 lref3 lref2 register_23 lref1 lref0 - - ---- these registers may be used to jump from a reference line (end of that line) to the beginning of a target line of the same field. however, not all lines can be skipped or repeated with no problem and, if needed, this functionality has to be used with caution. lref[8:0] contains in binary format the reference line from which a jump is required. ltarg[8:0] contains the target line binary number. default values: lref[8:0] = 000000000 and ltarg[8:0] = 000000001 register_31-32-33 - cgms_bit[1:20] : cgms data registers (20 bits only) msb lsb register_31 ----b1b2b3b4 register_32 b5 b6 b7 b8 b9 b10 b11 b12 register_33 b13 b14 b15 b16 b17 b18 b19 b20 these registers are never reset. word0a => bit1....bit3 word0b => bit4....bit6 word1 => bit7....bit10 word2 => bit11....bit14 crc => bit15...bit20(not internally computed) refer to functional description, section iv.14 STV0119A 37/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_34-35-36-37 - ttx_block_[1:4]_def. : teletext block definition (refer to functional description, section iv.15) msb lsb register_34 txbd1 txbs1.3 txbs1.2 txbs1.1 txbs1.0 txbe1.3 txbe1.2 txbe1.1 txbe1.0 register_35 txbd2 txbs2.3 txbs2.2 txbs2.1 txbs2.0 txbe2.3 txbe2.2 txbe2.1 txbe2.0 register_36 txbd3 txbs3.3 txbs3.2 txbs3.1 txbs3.0 txbe3.3 txbe3.2 txbe3.1 txbe3.0 register_37 txbd4 txbs4.3 txbs4.2 txbs4.1 txbs4.0 txbe4.3 txbe4.2 txbe4.1 txbe4.0 these are four teletext block definition registers, used in conjunctionwith reg 38 (teletextblock mapping). each of these registers defines a start line (txbsx[3:0]) and an end line (txbex[3:0]). [txbsx = teletext block start for block x, txbex = teletext block end for block x] when applying to field1 : txbsx[3:0]=0 codes line 7, ... txbsx[3:0]=i codes line 7+i, ... txbsx[3:0]=15dec (`1111'bin) codes line 7+15=22 when applying to field2 : txbsx[3:0]=0 codes line 320, ... txbsx[3:0]=i codes line 320+i, ... txbsx[3:0]=15dec (`1111'bin) codes line 320+15=335 (itu-r601/625 line numbering) default value: none, registers 34-37 are never reset. register_38 - ttx_block_map : teletext block mapping msb lsb register_38 txmf1.1 txmf1.2 txmf1.3 txmf1.4 txmf2.1 txmf2.2 txmf2.3 txmf2.4 (txmf1 stands for 'teletext block mapping to field1, txmf2 stands for 'teletext block mapping to field2) this register allows to map the blocks of teletext lines defined by registers 34 to 37 to either field1, field2 or both : its default value is o00000000o txmf1.n defines whether txbdn (nth teletext block, see reg34-37 above) applies to field 1, txmf2.n defines whether txbdn (nth teletext block, see reg34-37 above) applies to field 2. in other words, if txmf1.n=1 then teletext will be encoded in field 1 from the line defined by txbsn.[3:0] (see above) to the line defined by txben.[3:0]. similarly, if txmf2.n=1 then teletext will be encoded in field 2 from the line defined txbsn.[3:0] (see above) to the line defined by txben.[3:0]. STV0119A 38/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_39-40 - cccf1 : closed caption characters/extended data for field 1 first byte to encode in field1 : msb lsb register_39 opc11 c117 c116 c115 c114 c113 c112 c111 opc11 odd-parity bit of us-ascii 7-bit character c11[7:1] second byte to encode in field1: msb lsb register_40 opc12 c127 c126 c125 c124 c123 c122 c121 opc12 odd-parity bit of us-ascii 7-bit character c12[7:1] default value : none, but closed captions enabling without loading these registers will issue character null. registers 39-40 are never reset. register_41-42 : cccf2 : closed caption characters/extended data for field 2 first byte to encode in filed2 : msb lsb register_41 opc21 c217 c216 c215 c214 c213 c212 c211 opc21 odd-parity bit of us-ascii 7-bit character c21[7:1] second byte to encode in field2 : msb lsb register_42 opc22 c227 c226 c225 c224 c223 c222 c221 opc22 odd-parity bit of us-ascii 7-bit character c22[7:1] default value : none but closed captions enabling without loading these registers will issue character null. registers 41-42 are never reset. register_43 - cclif1 : closed caption/extended data line insertion for field 1 tv line number where closed caption/extended data is to be encoded in field 1 is programmable through the following register : msb lsb register_43 xxxx xxxx xxxx l1_4 l1_3 l1_2 l1_1 l1_0 default 00001111 - 525/60 system : (525-smpte line number convention) only lines 10 through 22 should be used for closed caption or extended data services (line 1 through 9 contain the vertical sync pulses with equalizing pulses). l1[4:0] = 00000 no line selected for closed caption encoding l1[4:0] = 000xx do not use these codes ... l1[4:0] = i code line (i+6) (smpte) selected for encoding ... l1[4:0] = 11111 line 37 (smpte) selected - 625/50 system: (625-ccir/itu-r line number convention) only lines 7 through 23 should be used for closed caption or extended data services. l1[4:0] = 00000 no line selected for closed caption encoding ... l1[4:0] = i code line (i+6) (ccir) selected for encoding (i > 0) ... l1[4:0] = 11111 line 37 (ccir) selected (*) default value = 01111 line 21 (525/60, 525-smpte line number convention). this value also corresponds to line 21 in l625/50 system,(625-ccir line number convention). STV0119A 39/42 vi.2 - register contents and description (continued) (*) = default mode when nreset pin is active (low level) vi - registers (continued) register_44 - cclif2 : closed caption/extended data line insertion for field 2 tv line number where closed caption/extended data is to be encoded in field 2 is programmable through the following register : msb lsb register_44 xxxx xxxx xxxx i2_4 i2_3 i2_2 i2_1 i2_0 default 00001111 - 525/60 system : (525-smpte line number convention) only lines 273 through 284 should be used for closed caption or extended data services (preceding lines contain the vertical sync pulses with equalizing pulses), although it is possible to program over a wider range. l2[4:0] = 00000 no line selected for closed caption encoding l2[4:0] = 000xx do not use these codes l2[4:0] = i line (269 +i) (smpte) selected for encoding ... l2[4:0] = 01111 line 284 (smpte) selected for encoding l2[4:0] = 11111 line 300 (smpte) note : if cgms is allowed on lines 20 and 283 (525/60, 525-smpte line number convention), closed captions should not be programmed on these lines. - 625/50 system : (625-ccir line number convention) only lines 319 through 336 should be used for closed caption or extended data services (preceding lines contain the vertical sync pulses with equalizing pulses), although it is possible to program over a wider range. l2[4:0] = 00000 no line selected for closed caption encoding (i > 0) l2[4:0] = i line (318 +i) (ccir) selected for encoding ... l2[4:0] = 10010 line 336 (ccir) selected for encoding l2[4:0] = 11111 line 349 (ccir) (*) default value = 01111 line 284 (525/60, 525-smpte line number convention). this value also corresponds to line 333 in 625/50 system, (625-ccir line number convention). registers_45 up to 63 : reserved STV0119A 40/42 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 16 17 18 19 20 26 27 28 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 ctrl + cfg register luma processing teletext macrovision 7.0/6.1 closed captions cgms chroma processor 9-bit dac trap 9-bit tridac switch demultiplexer 200 w 2.2k w 820 w 20 w 75 w 10 m f v ddb in out video output stage f rgb encoding cb-cr y sync control & video timing generator STV0119A (master) 6.8nf 1.1k w 6.8nf 1.2k w video output stage video output stage video output stage 75 w 75 w 75 w video output stage 75 w 10 m f 100nf v dda mpeg decoder odd/even hsync y/cr/cb7 y/cr/cb6 y/cr/cb5 y/cr/cb4 y/cr/cb3 y/cr/cb2 y/cr/cb1 y/cr/cb0 i ref(cvbs) vr_cvbs cvbs 22k w 100nf i ref(rgb) vr_rgb b/cvbs v ssa v dda g/y r/c ttxs/csi2c ttxd ckref v ss scl sda v dd nreset 22 m f 10 m f v dd 4.7k w v dd 4.7k w v dd transport ic (st20) =v ss (0v) =v ssa (0v) = 3.3v v dd =5v v ddb f : low pass filter 47k w ckref = 27mhz autotest color bar pattern = 3.3v v dda 0119a-03.eps figure 34 : typical application vii - application STV0119A 41/42 pm-so28.eps viii - package mechanical data 28 pins - plastic micropackage (so) dimensions millimeters inches min. typ. max. min. typ. max. a 2.65 0.104 a1 0.1 0.2 0.004 0.0078 b 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019 b1 0.23 0.32 0.009 0.013 c 0.5 0.020 c1 45 o (typ.) d 17.7 18.1 0.697 0.713 e 10 10.65 0.394 0.419 e 1.27 0.050 e3 16.51 0.65 f 7.4 7.6 0.291 0.299 l 0.4 1.27 0.016 0.050 s8 o (max.) so28c.tbl information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, stmicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. no licence is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of stmicroelectronics. specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. this publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. stmicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical comp onents in lifesupport devicesor systems without express written approval of stmicroelectronics. the st logo is a trademark of stmicroelectronics ? 1998 stmicroelectronics - all rights reserved purchase of i 2 c components of stmicroelectronics, conveys a license under the philips i 2 c patent. rights to use these components in a i 2 c system, is granted provided that the system conforms to the i 2 c standard specifications as defined by philips. stmicroelectronics group of companies australia - brazil - canada - china - france - germany - italy - japan - korea - malaysia - malta - morocco- the netherlands singapore - spain - sweden - switzerland - taiwan - thailand - united kingdom - u.s.a. 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